[ My Computer Science Super Heros ]

Katherine Johnson

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Katherine Johnson was born on August 26, 1914, and died on February 24, 2020. She was very good at math and started high school at the early age of 10. She went to college at 15 years old and graduated at 18. She taught black students math for a while, then enrolled at graduate school at West Virginia University. She studied math for a while, but then left to start a family and go back to teaching. In 1953 she learned about a job at a place now known as NASA. The job looked for black women with good computing and math skills. Her job was to be a computing innovation, a human computer. In that job she had to figure out different calculations needed for spaceflight. That is not all she did there, she also defied segregation, like going to the white women's restroom. One of her biggest accomplishments at NASA was helping calculate the trajectory of the country’s first human spaceflight in 1961. A year later she helped find out John Glenn’s orbit of the planet which was another American first. In 1969, she calculated the path of Neil Armstrong’s historic mission to the moon on Apollo 11. The sad thing is that she was forgotten, and all the white men were credited with all of these discoveries.

Sources: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/24/science/katherine-johnson-dead.html https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/katherine-johnson https://www.nasa.gov/content/katherine-johnson-biography

Joy Buolamwini

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Joy Buolamwini was born in 1989 and still alive to this day. Buolamwini was awarded a master’s degree in media arts & Sciences from MIT in 2017, later she would earn a PhD degree in Media Arts & Sciences from the MIT Media Lab in 2022. She had a thesis on Facing the Coded Gaze with Evocative Adults and Algorithmic Adults. Joy Buolamwini contributions to computer Science was that she founded the Algorithmic Justice League. The Algorithmic Justice League is an organization that works to challenge decision-making software and research the social implications and harms of artificial intelligence. Buolamwini presents her research at the United Nations and serves on the Global Tech Panel. This event was set up by the vice president of the European Commission and her presentation was called, “AI, Ain’t I a Woman?” Joy Buolamwini proceed to show all the AI failures on woman faces and using as examples like Oprah Winfrey and Michelle Obama. Buolamwini had a list of 100 inspiring and influential women. But it is cool how she was able to discover all this and how she describes herself: “I am a poet of code on a mission to show compassion through computation.”

Sources: Overview ‹ Joy Buolamwini — MIT Media Lab Joy Buolamwini : Awards | Carnegie Corporation of New York Joy Buolamwini - Wikipedia

Margaret Hamiliton

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Margaret Hamilton, a pioneering American computer scientist, was born on August 17, 1936, in Paoli, Indiana. She's renowned for coining the term "software engineer" and for her remarkable contributions during the space race era. After briefly teaching high school math, she joined MIT's meteorology department, where she developed weather forecasting software and collaborated with Edward Lorenz, the "Father of chaos theory." Hamilton's journey continued with significant roles in the SAGE project, revolutionizing air defense technology. She became the first programmer hired for the Apollo mission at MIT and played a key role in NASA's Apollo missions, leading the development of the lunar lander guidance computer. Her relentless problem-solving and debugging skills reshaped programming. Her exceptional software saved the Apollo 11 moon landing. Later, she founded Higher Order Software, emphasizing error prevention. She served as CEO from 1976 to 1986, receiving accolades such as the Outstanding Alumni Award from Earlham College in 2007 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016. Margaret Hamilton, an inspiration to computer scientists and women worldwide, remains active at 86 years old, married to Dan Licky, with one daughter.

Sources: Margaret Hamilton | Biography & Facts | Britannica Margaret Hamilton: The Woman Who Created Software Engineering (interestingengineering.com) Margaret Hamilton (software engineer) - Wikipedia Margaret Hamilton | Computer Scientist – NASA Solar System Exploration

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